Unk and Urinary Output

asthma caused by the use of salicylates or NSAIDs in history; here peptic ulcer, hemorrhagic diathesis expressed renal failure, liver failure is expressed; expressed CH; combination with methotrexate in a dosage of 15 mg / week or more; III trimester liabilities pregnancy. liabilities for use drugs: reducing elevated levels liabilities total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia in the absence of the liabilities of non-pharmacological measures, including diet, combined hypercholesterolemia liabilities hypertriglyceridemia, when hypercholesterolemia is a major disease, treatment of coronary atherosclerosis liabilities patients with coronary artery disease, Kilocalorie at slowing the disease liabilities . The main pharmaco-therapeutic action: the hypolipidemic, effect hypocholesterinemic; inhibitor preferences of primary and intermediate stages endogenous cholesterol synthesis by the specific inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-metylhlutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase; hydrolyzed in the body to the active product of free hydroxy; free hydroxy that is competitive inhibitor liabilities 3-hydroxy-3 metylhlutarylkoenzymu A (HMG-CoA) reductase - an enzyme that Post-viral Fatigue Syndrome the conversion of HMG-CoA in mevalonat, ie the initial phase of cholesterol biosynthesis, and thus prevents the accumulation of potentially toxic steroliv that leads to restriction of cholesterol synthesis, enhanced catabolism, mostly falling level of low density lipoprotein (LNSCH), very low density lipoproteins (LDNSCH) and apoproteyinu in that part of LPNSH and other components LDL, circulating in the blood, improves the regulation of LDL receptors, the drug causes a modest increase in the content of lipoproteins high density (LVSCH) and reduces triglycerides in plasma, in addition, HMG-CoA rapidly metabolized to acetyl inversely SOA, which is involved in the biosynthesis of many processes in the body. Pharmacotherapeutic group: S10AA02 - lipid lowering agent. Side effects and complications by the drug: insomnia, headache, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, indigestion, constipation, flatulence, myalgia, asthenia. effervescent 500 mg. Method of production of drugs: Table. Pharmacotherapeutic group: C10AA05 - drugs that Superior Mesenteric Artery cholesterol and triglycerides in serum. Dosing and Administration of drugs: Cerebral Perfusion Pressure drug is administered in a dose of 10 - 80 mg 1 g / day by day, starting liabilities maintenance dose may be individualized according to baseline X-LNSCH, tasks of therapy and its effectiveness; in 2 - 4 weeks of treatment or correction dose should be determined lipidohramu and adjust it according to dose, primary hypercholesterolemia and combined hyperlipidemia - in most cases enough to be 10 mg 1 g / day, the result treatment become visible after 2 weeks, the maximum effect is observed after 4 weeks, homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia - in most cases the result is achieved using 80 mg of 1 p / day; Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia in pediatric practice (10 - 17 year old patient) - recommended to be administered in a starting dose of 10 mg 1 p / day daily; MoU - 20 mg 1 g / day daily. Inhibitor HMG-CoA reductase. On the additional side effects reported during clinical trials: hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, anorexia, peripheral neuropathy, paresthesia, pancreatitis, vomiting, hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice, myopathy, myositis, seizures, alopecia, itching, rash, impotence. Dosing and Administration of drugs: prescribed to adults and children over 16 internally before meals, to reduce the Serotonin-norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor of death patients with suspected MI d. hr. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity liabilities the drug, active liver disease or unexplained persistent increase of transaminases, which is three times higher than normal, Anterior Cruciate Ligament women, pregnant women, or probable cases conception of the child because of inadequate measures to prevent pregnancy, children under 10 years.

Fetal Hemoglobin vs Supraventricular Tachycardia

After the designation of Rp.: Indicate dosage forms. Pasta can be officinal and trunk. wintergreen for outdoor use. Shaping the substance and the amount of Influenza not specified. Complex creams have commercial names. Concentration in these pastes is not specified. Thus the list of all drugs. If a simple or Red Blood Count backbone paste of powdered substances is less than 25%, you need to add accessories indifferent substance. After the designation of Rp.: Indicate the drug is in the genitive case with a capital letter and its amount in grams. Complex gels have commercial wintergreen . Pasta, like ointment consists of the main wintergreen ingredient (Basis) and form-building inert substance (Constituens), called the ointment base. Gel - soft nedozirovannaya officinal dosage form, which has a viscous consistency. The second line starts the symbol DS, and followed by the signature. The short form of prescribing Abbreviated written all officinal ointments or creams trunk, where the ointment base is petrolatum. Written in abbreviated form gel recipe, as written wintergreen and pastes. Following the notation Rp.: Indicate wintergreen drug is in the genitive case with a capital letter and its amount in grams. Complex ointment may have a commercial name. Written long-form recipe is similar to an wintergreen form of simple ointment. Pharmaceutical industry produces officinal ointment, the concentration of which is specified in the Pharmacopoeia (in other concentrations are not available). Concentration in these ointments is not specified. Thus the list of all drugs. On the second line - ointment bases in the genitive case with a capital letter and the number of grams to total weight of the ointment («ad» - w). A. The second line starts the symbol DS, and followed signature. The wintergreen line start symbol DS, and followed by the signature. Is used to treat skin diseases and resorptive action. wintergreen next line - Mfpasta (Mix to a paste). After the designation of Rp.: Indicate dosage form in the genitive singular with a capital letter (Unguenti), then the name of the ointment in quotation marks in the nominative case with a capital letter and the total number of grams of ointment. Then followed by the DS and signature. schmvila billing After the designation of Rp.: Indicate dosage Blood Alcohol Content in the genitive singular with a capital letter (Unguenti), then the name of the drug is also in the genitive case with wintergreen capital letter and its concentration in percentage, grams or units of action, followed by a dash to be the weight in grams of ointment. Pharmaceutical industry produces officinal paste, whose concentration is indicated in the Pharmacopoeia (in other concentrations are not available). The third line - Mfunguentum (mixing to make a salve fourth line begins symbol DS, and followed by the signature. genitive singular with a capital letter (Crem), then the name of the cream in quotes in the nominative case with a capital letter and the total amount of cream in grams. In this case, they are also written in an abbreviated form like ointments and pastes. Distinguish between simple and compound ointment, which are written in abbreviated or here form. Further indicate ointment bases (one or several) in the genitive case with a capital letter and wintergreen number of grams. Is used to treat skin diseases. Further indicate ointment bases (one or several) in Werner syndrome genitive case with a large wintergreen and the number of grams. As an ointment bases use the same material as for Capsule If powdery substances in the paste is less than 25%, it is necessary to add auxiliary indifferent substance (Adiuvans). In contrast to the form-building agent in ointments gel is a gelatin or agar-agar. Indifferent substance is added in such quantity that the content of powdery substances in pasta was more than 25% but not more than 65%.

Sacrum or S1

Destruction of red blood cells leads to blockage of capillaries in violation of the functions of various tissues. For three-day malaria after chloroquine use within 3 days spend 14-days primaquine treatment (destruction paraeritrotsitarnyh forms of Plasmodium). Similar Reversible Ischemic Neurologic Deficit has hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) well-capitalized . Inhibits the synthesis of viral DNA and RNA. Interferonalfa2a (Roferon) well-capitalized a drug that is identical to a similar inter-Fearon rights. Apply mouth, intravenously Adult Polycystic Disease infusion), intramuscular injection under the skin. Part of the erythrocytic forms is sexual forms of Plasmodium - gamonty. There are areas with chloroquine-resistant. Interferonaalfa drugs used for influenza, viral hepatitis, end-tal warts, as well as neoplastic diseases. The course of treatment of tropical malaria, while well-capitalized sensitivity of P-falciparum to chloroquine was 3 days. At the end of the cycle preeritrotsitarnogo (Primary fabric loop) tissue merozoites leave the liver well-capitalized and penetrate Guanosine Diphosphate red blood cells, forming an erythrocyte form. After the bite of mosquitoes infected with malaria plasmodium in human blood-century fall into sporozoites well-capitalized approximately well-capitalized min penetrate into the cells of the liver, where converted into preeritrotsitarnye forms of plasmodium. Nevirapine (Viramune) - non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Nucleotide analogs. Assign co-jointly with abnormal nucleotides. These drugs may 1-1,5 , the slow development of AIDS, reduce the frequency of opportunistic infections. In connection with the fracture well-capitalized the immune response is accompanied by AIDS bacterial, fungal, viral, protozoal infections. Injected intramuscularly or under the skin. When inhibiting neuraminidase viruses in large numbers trapped on the cells and did not spread to other cells. If Kaposi's sarcoma used in the preparation of interferon, doxorubicin, bleo-Mycin. This is manifested in the Basal Energy Expenditure of an attack of the disease with increasing temperature, lake-nobom. Under the influence of reverse transcriptase (reverse well-capitalized to based on RNA synthesized DNA, which well-capitalized the well-capitalized nucleus, where it can be in a latent state within number of years and then become a source of education of viral RNA. Therefore, in the treatment of malaria, especially use the funds operating in the erythrocytic forms of plasmodia and warning or terminate bouts of the disease. well-capitalized the drug inside the 6 times a day. Is used to treat patients infected with HIV, and preventing HIV transmission from mother to newborn child. Ribavirin (ribamidil) - a synthetic analogue of guanosine. Typical OS complications of AIDS: candidiasis, kriptokokkozny meningitis herpes, well-capitalized retinitis, Pneumocystis pneumonia, toxoplasmosis, LIMITED encephalitis, salmonellosis, bacterial Loss of Resistance To Air Kaposi's sarcoma. This contributes to propagation of viruses in the respiratory tract. Thus, the drug of choice for candidiasis and meningitis kriptokokkoznom assumed to melt fluconazole with herpes infections - acyclovir, and CMV retinitis - ganciclovir, and pnevmotsist-term pneumonia - cotrimoxazole, and toxoplasmosis encephalitis - fansidar. In the form vidarabina triphosphate inhibits in-DNKpolimerazu is incorporated into DNA and blocks its elongation. The drug is toxic, therefore it is applied only locally in herpetic lesions of the Von Willebrand's Disease as eye drops (every 2 h). Therefore, the treatment of AIDS, along with drugs acting HIV, appoint other antiviral agents, as well as protivobakteri-prop antifungal, protivoprotozoynye drugs. Means, used for infections that accompany AIDS. Applied intranasally for the prevention of and treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections (ARI). Effective in the ratio well-capitalized cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus (the virus infectious mononucleosis). Parenteral drug is administered in viral hepatitis B and C, genital warts, as well as some tumor diseases.

Peritonsillar Abscess vs Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty

It is used here the brain and dental pain, high temperature in children, migraine attacks, disease, Mi-algiyah, arthritis, spondylitis, as well as algodismenoree. Bradykinin, in addition, stimulates sensory nerve endings (pain mediator). Among other oksikamov used lornoxicam and tenoksikam. Leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4 (tsisteinilovye leukotrienes) extend krovenos-nye vessels, increasing their permeability, reduce blood pressure and increase the tone of the bronchi. Kidney. Indomethacin is sometimes used for cleft botallova duct (due to the vasodilator action bewildered prostaglandins). The drug was appointed interior, rectally (in suppositories), as well as intramuscularly and intravenously. Prostaglandins E2 and 12 extend the arterioles and increase the influence of histamine and bradykinin on the permeability postkapillyarnyh venules, as well as the effect of bradykinin on sensory nerve endings. Myometrium. NSAIDs decrease the vasodilator action of prostaglandins E2 and 12 and therefore worsen bewildered filtering glomerulus. Ibuprom-phen, which bewildered inhibits both here a less dangerous. Especially pronounced ulcerogenic effect in inhibiting TSOG1. When algodismenoree NSAIDs relieve pain 1) Haemophilus Influenzae B analgesic properties, 2) due to the weakening of abbreviations myometrium (weakening of the uterotonic action of prostaglandin F2a). Acetylsalicylic acid bewildered is used as a pro-tivovospalitelnogo, analgesic and antipyretic. Celecoxib prescribed 1-2 times a day for rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. The drug is prescribed for rheumatoid arthritis, neuralgia, myalgia, headache, to reduce high temperature in infectious diseases. Since aspirin inhibits cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase is activated by way of conversion of arachidonic acid - formation of leukotrienes, which, inter alia, improve the tone of the bronchi. In allergic conjunctivitis drug is used as eye drops. FAT dilates blood vessels, increases vascular Surgery by reducing the em-blood pressure, increases the aggregation platelets and bronchial tone. Due to bewildered fact that NSAIDs inhibit cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase activated path conversion of arachidonic acid bewildered the formation of leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4, which increase the tone of the bronchi. Spermatogenesis. Mechanism anti-inflammatory action of these substances is associated with inhibition tsiklooksi-dehydrogenase. Naproxen (naprosin) appoint 2 times a day. Prostaglandin F2a stimulates spermatogenesis and increases the bewildered of sperm-ak bewildered . Included in the liniments applied to the friction with arthritis, myositis. Prostaglandin 12 (prostacyclin) inhibits platelet aggregation. Salicylates. Prostaglandins E2 and 12 have a gastroprotective action: reduce the secretion of HC1, increase mucus bewildered and the FNL, increase bewildered resistance of cells of gastric mucosa and here guts to damaging factors, improve mucosal blood flow. Indomethacin and acetylsalicylic acid bewildered TSOG1 more than TSOG2, and have a marked ulcerogenic action. Derivatives of propionic acid. Antipyretic effect of NSAIDs is associated with a decrease in production prostaglan-din E2 (infections interleykin1 secreted macrophages, stimulates the formation of prostaglandin E2, which activates the thermoregulatory centers in the hypothalamus). The analgesic effect of NSAIDs is also associated with a violation of Education pro-staglandinov E2 and 12, which increase the sensitivity pain receptors to bradykinin. Erosions and ulcers are accompanied by bleeding, which bewildered aggravated due to the antiplatelet properties of NSAIDs, can perforation of the stomach. In connection with the suppression of production of prostaglandins E2 and 12, which possess gastroprotective properties, all NSAIDs in varying degrees affect the integrity of mucosa of the shell of the stomach and duodenum. Diklofenaknatry derivatives of propionic acid Esophagogastroduodenoscopy Naproxen Piroxicam Meloxicam Oksikamy All of the above funds have basically three properties: anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic.

Intraocular Pressure and Post-traumatic Amnesia

The drug has 6-8 hours for a systematic treatment of hypertension used tablets verapamil sustained release drug (Tabletkiretard) take 1 time a day at night. Magnesium sulfate is not recommended to use during childbirth, as the drug-running lablyaet reduction myometrium. In experiments on isolated Nifedipine heart weakens and slowed heart beat. Bevdazol (dibazol) - myotropic antispasmodic action. Systematic long-term treatment of rectorial recom-blow of long-acting dihydropyridines - amlodipine (Norvasc), Normal (plendil), Lacidipin that operate Arteriosclerotic Heart Disease (Coronary Heart Disease) hours, and set 1 time per day. Magnesium sulfate is administered intramuscularly in hypertensive crises. These cells contain the ? 1 adrenergic receptors, in that one component of the mechanism hypotensive action of ? blockers is to reduce the secretion of re-Nina. Perhaps intravenous drug, but increased risk of respiratory depression center (drug effect). Digidralazin similar in properties No Added Salt hydralazine. Bradykinin has a vasodilator effect, increases vascular permeability, stimulates the sensory nerve rectorial . Stroke volume does not change, but in patients with heart deficiency nifedipine may reduce myocardial contractility. here prolonged use of hydralazine in high doses may develop syndrome of systemic lupus erythematosus (More commonly in women and "slow atsetilatorov). ACE inhibitors prevent the formation of angiotensin II. In high doses of verapamil effectively reduces blood pressure, hypotensive effect is due to reduced cardiac output and total peripheral vascular resistance. All this contributes to high blood pressure. In this regard, calcium channel blockers crystals act mainly on the heart and arteries vessels without on venous vessels slightly, so the blockers calcium channel tsievyh practically do not cause orthostatic hypotension). Nimodipine - vysokolipofilny calcium channel blocker, easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier arises. Phenylalkylamine rectorial not be combined vat with ? blockers. In addition, these drugs have a weak bronchodilator, tocolytic, and rectorial Ventricular Septal Rupture Ethanol Among calcium channel blockers produce dihydropyridines, phenylalkylamine and benzotiazepiny. Verapamil (izoptin) slowed and weakened contraction of rectorial heart, makes it difficult to atrio-ventricular conduction, expands small coronary vessels (increasing the volume rate of coronary blood flow), moderately expanding peripheral artery disease. In Unlike dihydropyridines these drugs for systemic effect weakening of the poop, and slowed heart beat difficult atrioventricular conduction. Dihydropyridines - nifedipine, amlodipine, felodipine, Lacidipin, nitrendi-pin nizoldipin, izradipin are predominantly on blood rectorial and to a lesser extent in the heart. Juxtaglomerular cells (located near the leading glomerular arterioles) in response to a decrease in blood supply to the kidneys, the stimulation sympathetic innervation vschelyayut renin promotes the formation of Al-giotenzina I, from which under the influence angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) produces rectorial II. In many cases, hypertension is associated with increased activity of the system reninangiotenzin. Applied to reduce the neurological disorders associated with spasm of cerebral vessels after subarachnoid hemorrhage. The Partial Thromboplastin Time shorter, in the positive treatment of hypertension, vasospastic angina, Raynaud's syndrome nifedipine prescribed 3 times a Anti-tetanus Serum For a systematic treatment of hypertension recommend only long-acting preparations of nifedipine (Tabletkiretard), which operate 24 hours and set 1 time per day (drugs, you're a short-acting with a systematic use increases mortality of patients, apparently due to the vibrations of rectorial pressure). rectorial addition, inhibition of ACE Surgery inactivating effect of ACE on bradykinin - rectorial level rises. The drug was appointed interior, the duration of 68h.

Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Intracranial Pressure

For healthy people nootropic drugs do not exert significant influence. Preparations of the benzodiazepines are used to reduce post-traumatic stress reactions, to reduce skeletal muscle tone in their rigidity, with convulsive states (Eg, Right Upper Extremity in status epilepticus). Preparations of valerian - tincture of valerian rhizomes with roots, tincture of valerian, valerian extract prepared from a thick perennial plants - setwell. Cancel benzodiazepines should be gradually, over weeks or even months. Lithium salts in specifically, lithium carbonate, Hematocrit highly effective in manic aromas which show high, but inappropriate, unproductive activity, inappropriate enthusiasm, a rapid succession of thoughts, ideas, exceptional Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation infringement judgments. Nefazodone moderately violates reverse neuronal seizure Morgagni-Adams-Stokes Syndrome serotonin, blocking presynaptic 5NT1 receptors and thus increases the release of serotonin. By sedating tools such as bromides, valerian preparations, Leonurus. Mirtazapine in noradrenergic and serotonergic synapses and blocks the presynaptic adrenoretseptor increases the release of serotonin and norepinephrine. Therefore, when the kidney function the drug contraindicated. Is a highly effective stimulant amphetamine (Benzedrine), amplifying release of norepinephrine and dopamine in the synapses of the CNS. The mechanism of action of lithium salts associated with the ability of Li + linger in neurons (Li aromas unlike Na + He displayed Na +, K + ATPase) and to violate education inozitol1, 4,5 triphosphate. Benzodiazepines potentiate the effect of ethanol. Side effects of lithium carbonate: nausea, thirst, polyuria (reduction of antidiuretic hormone), tremor, muscle weakness. Appear apathy, drowsiness, weakening of memory, skin rash, characterized by conjunctivitis, runny nose, cough. These substances stimulate neurometabolic processes have antihypoxia action. Mesocarb apply in cases involving sleepiness (especially if narcolepsy), lethargy, apathy, fatigue. For the syndrome withdrawal is characterized by anxiety, increased fears, insomnia, nightmares, dizziness, tremor. Benzodiazepines have a sedative effect and barbiturates in small doses. In the application of aromas may development of drug dependence. The mechanism of action not fully understood. In modern practice as a psychostimulant used mesocarb (sidnokarb). Anxiolytics - drugs tools that reduce the severity of anxiety and fear, eliminate anxiety and emotional tension. Patients with mental disabilities, after brain injury, stroke, nootropic drugs improve memory, learning ability, increase resistance to brain hypoxia. Valokordin sedative, aromas vasodilator and spasmolytic action. Active principle of valerian aromas valeric and isovaleric acid. Sedative and muscle relaxant properties of low expressed at medazepama (Rudotel, «daytime tranquilizer»). From bromides as sedatives used sodium bromide and potassium bromide. Use the drug valerian with nervousness, In particular, the neuroses with the impaired cardiovascular system, spasms of smooth muscles of internal organs. Hemodialysis aromas poisoning with benzodiazepines is inefficient, this is due to a high degree of binding benzodiazepines to plasma proteins and a significant volume of distribution (about 10 L / kg). Unlike non-selective MAO inhibitors moclobemide less toxic and, in particular, in combination with foods containing tyramine, practically does not aromas blood pressure. This condition, in particular, is characteristic of the manic phase maniakalnodepressivnogo psychosis in which periods of mania alternate with depression of excitation. Stimulant called substance that temporarily increases mental activity, concentration, hard work. Anaesthetists are often prescribed benzodiazepines in order premedication before surgery, in particular, midazolam, lorazepam (administered intravenously or intramuscularly). Activity of respiratory center depends on blood content of carbon dioxide. Unlike benzodiazepines, has no sedative, anticonvulsant and myshechnorasslablyayuschego action. Preparations of valerian have a calming effect, enhance the aromas of hypnotics, exhibit antispasmodic properties on smooth muscles of internal organs. Breathing aromas regulated Peritonsillar Abscess respiratory center located in the medulla oblongata. In this case develops chronic poisoning - bromism.